3 seconds, both using SAS PROC MIXED. Due to the parallel nature of the genome-wide scan, cluster computing with tens or hundreds of computing units working simultaneously can significantly reduce the overall computation time. SAS Grid computing enables SAS applications to automatically utilize grid resources. PLINK version 1.05 [Purcell et al., 2007] provides an R interface, which allows the use of abundant analytical resources developed under R and also offers an option for cluster computing at no cost.
