and are used more widely. Cannabis straddles the two categories. We describe emerging biological insights, including from large-effect loci, and genetic overlap among SUDs and related traits. We also discuss how genomics studies can be complemented by other omics approaches such as epigenomics and transcriptomics for a more complete biological understanding. Studies based on animal models and pedigree analyses are not included in detail due to space limitations, but we address the ongoing debate about optimal use of animal models for SUD genetics.
