neurons in hCSs participate in network activity (Fig. 5i; Supplementary Fig. 8d,e). To determine whether these synaptic responses are capable of driving spike firing in hCS neurons, we performed current-clamp recordings in which no holding current was applied while administering periodic electrical stimulation. Single spikes as well as burst events were observed after stimulation (Fig. 5j; Supplementary Fig. 8f). Spontaneous spiking events were also observed in the absence of stimulation. These results demonstrate that an active network exists within hCSs that is capable of producing complex synaptic events associated with postsynaptic neuronal spike firing.