of heritability in addition to eQTL derived genes. These results collectively suggest that chromatin architecture such as Hi-C and chromatin accessibility may provide complementary regulatory phenotypes that can be missed by eQTLs. It is of note that H-MAGMA also has its shortcoming, as it does not capture gene regulatory mechanisms such as altered RNA splicing or the allelic effect (Hi-C cannot predict whether the SNPs will downregulate or upregulate the cognate genes). Leveraging multiple genomic resources, such as eQTL, spliceQTLs, caQTLs, and Hi-C, is therefore critical for annotating and interpreting GWAS.
