not depend on any auxiliary assumption (Maris, 2004). Scaled multivariate (entire topography) and univariate (channel-specific) T2 statistics were computed to evaluate topographic old/new differences for paired samples (see Kayser et al., 2007, for computational details). Likewise, task-related differences of old/new effects were evaluated by performing randomization tests of the word-minus-face, old-minus-new difference topographies (i.e., probing the task × condition interaction). Significant differences were used to identify individual sites or subsets of sites to be included in the conventional repeated measures ANOVA, which consisted of either midline sites or lateral, homologous recording sites over both hemispheres, thereby adding either site, or site and hemisphere as within-subjects factors to the design. However, because recording sites were selected on the premise that they collectively represent sink or source activity associated with old/new effects, site effects were not further pursued in these analyses.
