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Chunk #2 — 1. Introduction/Background

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Gene expression changes in serotonin, GABA-A receptors, neuropeptides and ion channels in the dorsal raphe nucleus of adolescent alcohol-preferring (P) rats following binge-like alcohol drinking.
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consume more alcohol than their adult counterparts (Bell et al., 2014). In general, animal studies and human observational studies during adolescence indicate that adolescents, relative to adults, are less affected by ethanol-induced sedation and motor incoordination but more affected by its rewarding and reinforcing properties (Bell et al., 2013; Spear, 2010). Greater disturbances in some cognitive functions have also been reported (Bell et al., 2013; Spear, 2010).