desirability bias, studies have largely replaced direct measures of racial prejudice (e.g., opposition to racial integration and endorsement of racial stereotypes) with more indirect questions about prejudice as well as implicit measures of racial bias. Our measure of explicit racism, although among the recent generation of racial bias measures that attempt to circumvent social desirability bias, may nevertheless have been affected by this bias. Whatever the explanation, the lack of association between belief in racial difference and explicit racism is consistent with Parrott and colleagues’ (2005) finding that belief in genetically based racial differences was uncorrelated with modern racism, a measure that is similar to our explicit racism measure.
