There are several different constellations of genetic and prenatal relatedness when children are conceived through IVF methods. First, in homologous IVF, children are genetically related to both of their rearing parents, with the egg coming from the rearing mother and the sperm from the rearing father but conception occurring through artificial reproductive technologies. Second, in sperm donation, the child is genetically related to the rearing mother but not the rearing father. Third, in egg donation, the child is genetically related to the rearing father but not the rearing mother. Fourth, in embryo donation, the child is genetically unrelated to both rearing parents. Fifth, in one form of gestational surrogacy, the child is genetically related to both rearing parents, but the intrauterine environment is provided by a genetically unrelated surrogate.
