Table 1 demonstrates that overall most AUD probands were European American, had ever married, 70% had children, and their average education was 17 years. On average, probands endorsed 2.5 AUD criteria and 52% were alcohol dependent with the remainder meeting alcohol abuse. Thirty-one percent had used cannabis in the recent five-years, 4% met cannabis use disorder criteria, 17% smoked cigarettes,10% used other illicit drugs, including 2% who met SUD criteria on that substance. Among AUD probands, 67% were classified as deniers of problematic drinking (Group 1). Significant alcohol-related univariate comparisons between probands in Groups 1 and 2 revealed that deniers were less likely to have alcohol dependence, reported lower average maximum drinks, and were less likely to endorse five AUD criteria, including dependence criteria D4, D5, and D7, along with abuse criteria A1 and A4. These included three of the four criteria predicted in Hypothesis 5 (the fourth criterion, giving up activities [D6] was only a trend). Deniers were also less likely to have SUDs for non-cannabis drugs. While not noted in the table, the correlation between a false negative
