The goal of the present study was to investigate both temporal and spatial synchrony of neural oscillatory dynamics underlying response production and inhibition using synchronization algorithms in time-frequency domain based on complex Gabor transforms and phase-locking statistics [10], [13], [29], [30]. We used Gabor transform in order to achieve adequate time-frequency resolution [13]. We hypothesized that different conditions elicited by specific stimuli in the Go/NoGo task will be accompanied by different patterns of neural synchrony depending on their role in goal-directed behavior. Specifically, we expected that (i) both temporal and spatial synchrony will rise with increasing cognitive control demand, such that response production and suppression (Go and NoGo stimuli, respectively) involving response conflict, and necessitating decision making will be characterized by the higher level of neural synchrony, compared with the Warning condition (task-relevant but non-conflict stimulus) and Neutral condition (task-irrelevant stimulus). Furthermore, we expected that (ii) Go and NoGo conditions will be characterized by distinct scalp topographies and time courses of neural synchrony. In particular, we expected that phase synchronization effects in NoGo trials will be distributed more anterior as
