similarly context-dependent. IRF2 is induced by IFN-γ and has both transcriptionally repressive and activating properties, antagonizing the action of IRF1 and modulating the IFN-induced immune response, notably to viral infection (31–33). Consistent with this, whereas most genes in trans to rs13149699 showed opposite allelic association to the cis-eQTL for IRF2, indicating inhibition by IRF2 expression, a significant proportion of trans genes showed the same allelic association consistent with induction by higher IRF2 expression (fig. S10). This analysis highlights how ChIP-seq can confirm putative mechanisms of trans associations and reveal context-specific transcription factor targeting of genes.
