clearly established norms and corresponding sanctions against using substances. Low levels of PPD may also characterize environments with greater levels of social control because they are more stable, integrated, and supportive environments with greater resources to monitor adolescents’ behaviors effectively. Similar to other social groups, peer groups may also impose restrictions on members of the group, thereby regulating their behavior, and in a group made up of non-deviant individuals, such restrictions would likely act to ensure group members adhere to the same non-deviant values, thereby restricting behaviors such as drug use.
