Since 2005 an ongoing Cochrane review has evaluated RP for smoking cessation [38,39]. As of 2009, meta-analyses had found no support for the efficacy of skills-based RP approaches in preventing relapse to smoking [38]. However, a recent re-analysis of these trials yielded different results [40]. The re-analysis stratified behavioral interventions based on specific intervention content while also imposing stricter analytic criteria regarding the length of follow-up assessments. In these analyses, CBT/RP-based self-help interventions showed a significant overall effect in increasing long-term abstinence (pooled OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15 - 2.01, based on 3 studies) and group counseling showed significant short-term efficacy (pooled OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.58 - 4.11, based on 2 studies). There was limited evidence for the efficacy of other specific behavioral treatments, although there was general support for the efficacy of pharmacological treatments [40].
