Because minority groups have disproportionately greater health problems related to smoking than do whites, some have hypothesized that greater availability and individualization of health-care options may help reduce some of this disproportion (Dundas et al. 2001; Houston et al. 2005; Shah and Cook 2008). In a study by White et al., it was found that despite the fact that British ethnic minorities (Bangladeshi and Pakistani) had high motivation to quit smoking, the barriers were too many to overcome (White et al. 2006). The many barriers named include: perceived barriers such as peer pressure, stresses, withdrawal, lack of accessibility to health care for smoking cessation and lack of pharmaceutical aids; the health-care community believed that language, religion, and culture contributed to reduced smoking cessation health care among this population. Despite the fact that this study by White et al. (2006) took place in Britain and our study was in the USA, the issues with health care among minorities in our respective nations is still the same. It can be hypothesized that the lower rates of smoking abstinence among minority smokers may
