Figure 2 shows that in 2016, the leading Level 2 risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for both sexes combined were malnutrition (11·5% [10·8–12·3] of DALYs), diet (9·6% [8·2–11·1] of DALYs), high blood pressure (8·9% [7·9–9·9] of DALYs), tobacco (7·4% [6·7–8·3] of DALYs), and air pollution (6·8% [6·1–7·6] of DALYs). The list at this level of aggregation is similar for both sexes combined, with a notable difference being that alcohol and drug use is the fifth-leading risk factor for men, with 7·9% (7·2–8·6) of DALYs, but is at eleventh place for women (2·6% [2·3–2·9] of DALYs). More detail can be found in appendix 2 (p 1399). The patterns of risks vary by development, as seen across the panels of figure 3. At the lowest level of SDI, the leading risk is malnutrition with 25·0% (23·2–26·6) of DALYs, followed by air pollution (8·0% [7·1–9·0] of DALYs), unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (7·8% [6·6–9·4] of DALYs), and unsafe sex (4·7% [4·3–5·2] of DALYs). While malnutrition remains the leading risk factor at the low-middle level of SDI, diet
