Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, and antisocial and PDs were assessed on a lifetime basis at Wave 1 and described in detail elsewhere (Grant et al., 2004c). Borderline, schizotypal, and narcissistic PDs were measured at Wave 2. Personality disorder diagnosis required long-term patterns of social and occupational impairment (Grant et al., 2004d).
