period also coincides with peak alcohol experimentation shown to impact brain development (Koob & Volkow, 2016). In part, this may contribute to why trauma experienced during childhood and adolescence has particularly adverse and enduring consequences on the individual's mental health and cognitive functioning (Dube et al., 2003; Hussey, Chang, & Kotch, 2006; Springer, Sheridan, Kuo, & Carnes, 2007). These consequences have been shown to persist throughout the individual's lifespan, increasing risk for mental health problems, including PTSD and alcohol misuse (Follette, Polusny, Bechtle, & Naugle, 1996; Green et al., 2000; Khoury, Tang, Bradley, Cubells, & Ressler, 2010) Further, models of AUD risk differ for adolescents compared to adults (Fowler et al., 2007). For example, heritability estimates, and the relative importance of genetic and environment risk factors change across adolescence and emerging adulthood (Edwards et al., 2017; Edwards & Kendler, 2013), with research demonstrating that the specific social‐environmental factors impacting alcohol misuse in adolescence (e.g., access, parental monitoring, peer substance use) differ adulthood.
