Consistent with these findings, the ISWI ATPase, a component of Drosophila NURF, ACF and CHRAC has been reported to be important for transmitting Dpp/TGFβ signals to stem cells in the Drosophila ovary [64]. However, we wish to emphasize that the Bptf mutation likely affects many different pathways and biological processes, each of which may contribute to biological phenotypes. The challenge for the near future will be to uncover each of the many functions of Bptf in mammalian chromatin biology.