Adolescents completed a 19-item measure that assessed how frequently, on a 5-point scale (never to always), their parents: (i) require knowledge of their whereabouts, activities, and associations; (ii) exert control over their behavior (e.g., requires permission to stay out late); and (iii) solicit information from others regarding their school performance, recreational activities, and friendships (Kerr and Stattin, 2000). Means were calculated for each scale. An overall parental monitoring score was computed by averaging all 19 items (Cronbach’s α =0.93).
