In a study that characterized nicotine dependence and nicotine withdrawal symptoms among adolescent smokers, seven withdrawal symptoms were more common among persons who had not successfully quit smoking than among successful quitters (43). In a Dutch sample of adolescent smokers, higher levels of nicotine craving at the beginning of the prequit week and on the target quit day decreased the odds of being abstinent during the last week of the study (3). In another Rasch model analysis of nicotine withdrawal sensitivity, increased nicotine withdrawal scores were associated with a shorter duration of quitting and with measures of nicotine dependence (11). In our analysis of nicotine withdrawal sensitivity score in a sample of multiplex smoking pedigrees (16), an increased nicotine withdrawal sensitivity score was associated with a greater likelihood of relapse.
