relies heavily on sales data, which are limited and whose quality we cannot easily assess. Also, the estimation of unrecorded consumption of alcohol is based on limited data and has significant uncertainty; nevertheless, we feel it is important to include it and plan to continue to look for additional sources of information to improve the estimation of unrecorded consumption in future iterations of GBD. Lastly, methods for calculating TMREL rely on observed DALYs for a given time rather than on the expected share of DALYs estimated from alcohol use alone. Future iterations of GBD will likely need to test this assumption further and determine if separate TMREL by age and sex should be calculated.