To examine whether EMG-related alpha asymmetry differences could account for the lifetime MDD by condition interaction reported above, asymmetry analyses were repeated for AVG, CSD, Cz, and LM, substituting EMG-residualized alpha asymmetry scores (e.g., McMenamin et al., 2009; Shackman et al., 2009b) as the dependent variable (F2-F1, F4-F3, F6-F5, and F8-F7).