by number of items). All person- and country-level variables were grand mean centered. All analyses included random intercepts to allow for unexplained mean country-level differences. For individual-level variables, the variance in slopes across countries was examined to determine whether it was significantly greater than zero. The chi-square p-value for the variance component of individual-level scores on frequency of drinking was greater than 0.05 for all models; therefore a random residual component was not included for individual-level frequency (i.e., the variance in slopes for average frequency across countries was modeled as being fixed); however, a random residual component was included for quantity of consumption. These analyses included all countries for which scale scores could be calculated except two countries (Kazakhstan and Sri Lanka) where a score on the usual quantity measure was unavailable.
