The primary output of GWAS is a set of summary statistics for the association between a trait and each of the genotyped or imputed SNPs in the study. Summary statistics typically include: variant ID, position in the genome, risk and protective or effect alleles, sample size, p-value, effect size, and confidence in this estimate (e.g. standard error). Such summary statistics have been made publicly available by many large-scale GWAS consortia (9–12).
