in monitoring their outcome, positive or negative, particularly at times of uncertainty when the environment is changing and the connection between actions and their consequences can no longer be relied upon. Rather than responding to the outcome of a single choice in isolation, however, the ACC, and particularly the ACCs, is a crucial component in a distributed system that assimilates current information with an extended history of reward. Such a dynamic and rich representation of the action value would be vital to guide adaptive decision making.
