The UPPS-R is a 45 item Likert-type scale designed to assess lack of planning, lack of perseverance, negative urgency, and sensation seeking. Items are assessed from 1 (agree strongly) to 4 (disagree strongly). The four scales have good convergent validity across assessment method and good discriminant validity from each other [21]. In addition to scale correlates noted above, the scales relate meaningfully to scores reflecting a range of DSM-IV diagnoses [24] and have analogue scales in the NEO-PI-R (sensation seeking: the excitement seeking facet of extraversion; lack of deliberation: the deliberation facet of conscientiousness; lack of persistence: the self-discipline facet of conscientiousness; and negative urgency: the impulsivity facet of neuroticism). Therefore, the scales are thought to have sufficient stability over time. In the present sample, average internal consistencies are as follows: lack of planning 0.83, negative urgency 0.87, sensation seeking 0.84, and lack of perseverance 0.79. The scores were relatively stable over the eight month period, with stability correlations ranging from 0.50 (lack of perseverance) to 0.64 (sensation seeking). Sample items for the scales are as follows: When I feel
