In two prior developmental studies, we used rs-fcMRI to examine the development of the task control and cerebellar functional networks [22] and, separately, the default mode network [32]. The first study, addressing functional connectivity changes within and between the two task control networks and the cerebellar network [22], showed that the structure of these networks differed between children and adults in several ways (see [22]). In general, many of the specific changes showed trends of decreases in short-range functional connections (i.e., correlations between regions close in space) and increases in long-range functional connections (i.e., correlations between regions more distant in space). We suggested that these global developmental processes support the maturation of a dual-control system and its functional connections with the cerebellar network [22]. These results have now been replicated in a developmental resting connectivity study targeting sub-regions of the anterior cingulate [34].
