they reported being forced to have sexual intercourse before age 16. In Waves 1 and 3, regular smoking was defined as smoking greater than 20 cigarettes (lifetime) and smoking at least once a week for 3 weeks or longer. In Wave 4, the minimum quantity was also 21 cigarettes, but minimum duration of weekly smoking was 2 months. (A lower threshold than the standard 100 cigarettes used with adult samples was chosen given the substantial number of participants who were under the age of 18 when smoking behaviors were first assessed. This intensity of smoking is associated with loss of control over smoking, ND, and withdrawal in young smokers [DiFranza et al., 2007]). Diagnoses of conduct disorder, cannabis abuse, and major depressive disorder were based on DSM-IV criteria.
