related to second-hand smoking (0.35 for a 10-year exposure in the home and 0.14 for a 10-year workplace exposure)52. These comparisons demonstrate that the identified genetic factors have a moderate impact on pulmonary function. Individuals carrying these polymorphisms will have lower pulmonary function than predicted at a given age, thus placing them at greater risk for developing COPD and greater risk of mortality2,3.
