Theory regarding disparities between Latino and White men in the relationship between consumption and problems has been comparatively under-developed. Nevertheless, many of the factors discussed by Zapolski et al., above, seem plausible as causal mechanisms—and particularly those that distinguish Latino from White men, including lower individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES; U.S. Census Bureau, 2013), greater exposure to discrimination (McLaughlin et al., 2010; Mulia et al., 2008; Zemore et al., 2011), more restrictive drinking norms (Keyes et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2010; Zemore et al., 2013), and later and longer heavy drinking careers (Caetano, 1997; Caetano and Kaskutas, 1995; Caetano et al., 2008; Johnson et al., 1998). To our knowledge, there is no evidence of any special biological vulnerability to alcohol’s effects among Latino men.
