to be published. The changes we see in the altered sensitivity to rewarding and sensitizing effects of cocaine are important, as they suggest that alterations in gut bacteria can change cocaine-related behaviors. There is already one study in humans demonstrating that subjects with cocaine use disorder have alterations in their gut microbiota13. Together with our findings, this suggests the possibility of the gut microbiome as a druggable target for preventing or treating psychostimulant addiction.
