We are at a stage where we can take several productive paths. First, we must integrate the results from candidate gene studies with the findings GWAS experiments. By synthesizing both approaches into a cohesive model, we will be able to balance the high false positive rate in candidate gene studies with this high false negative rate in GWAS. This will allow us to separate the wheat from the chaff in the candidate gene studies and aid in the discovery of more variants from the GWAS approach. Secondly, in genetic studies, ascertainment and phenotypes matter and size is not everything. Though we have thrown together GWAS studies from many different fields, it is time to go back and more carefully select studies for inclusion so that similar ascertainments can be used to reduce heterogeneity. An improvement of phenotypes should also aid in the discovery of genes. For example, cigarettes per day is an effective, but imprecise measurement of nicotine addiction. Though a large sample size can overcome a crude measure, there is a gain of power with more exact assessments. A
