In NHS, NHSII and HPFS cohorts through 2010 (we did not have VTE data for PHS), we identified 6,041 individuals who reported VTE. Self-reported PE was verified through medical records review by a trained physician (CK). DVT cases are based on self-report, though a validation study of 100 DVT cases found self-reports to be highly consistent (>96%) with medical record review. In total, we identified 1,364 VTE cases with GWAS data. We treated all non-VTE cases with GWAS data as controls (n = 17,628). Since we did not have data on VTE in PHS, we excluded PHS from this analysis.
