Students indicated (yes or no) their lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, inhalants, ecstasy, or illicit prescription drugs that were not prescribed by a health professional. We instructed students that alcohol use referred to “more than just a few sips.” We also provided students with examples of inhalants (e.g., sniffed glue) and prescription drugs (e.g., Xanax, Oxycontin, Ritalin) not prescribed to them by a doctor. Previous research has generally found that adolescents are reliable and valid reporters of their substance use behaviors (Johnston et al., 2010).
