indexes both the motivational processing for the event of loss/gain (aaha…gain vs. alas…loss) as well as the evaluative processing of amount of loss/gain (larger outcome vs. smaller outcome). This explanation is consistent with the earlier reports that ORP amplitude increased in proportion to both the amount of reward received and the amount of penalty incurred [54, 55] as well as with a recent finding that higher ORP amplitude was observed for the larger amounts than the smaller ones [22]. As the ORP has also been reported to be sensitive to the context (i.e. relative loss/gain based on the alternative outcome), we propose that the ORP is involved with both aspects of outcome processing, namely affective/motivational processing and cognitive/evaluative processing.
