We genotyped 10 SNPs in up to 32,184 individuals from the ADONIX, BHS, BRHS, BWHHS, Gedling, GS:SFHS, HCS, KORA F4, NFBC1986, Nottingham Smokers and NSHD studies. The characteristics of the studies are summarized in Table 1, and stage 2a study information is provided in the Supplementary Note.