All criteria were endorsed more frequently by individuals with, than by those without, DUIs (Table 1). Of the criteria included in the IRT analysis, drinking larger amounts or for longer periods of time than intended (larger/longer) was the most commonly endorsed and spending so much time drinking or recovering from drinking that there was little time for anything else (time spent drinking/recovering) was the least frequent. Results of 4-group IRT models testing DCF of individual criteria are reflected in the letter superscripts accompanying the frequencies in Table 1, with different letters across rows indicating significant differences in endorsement after accounting for the alcohol severity factor. The tests revealed DCF by DUI status and gender for social/interpersonal problems and larger/longer; gender differences were significant only among individuals without DUIs. Inability/persistent desire to quit showed DCF by DUI status only while time spent drinking/recovering and physical/psychological problems showed DCF by gender but not by DUI status. There was no evidence of DCF for tolerance, withdrawal, or activities given up, and so the IRT parameters for these criteria were constrained across groups in
