cells to be produced for high throughput genetic and drug screening as well as cell therapy. This has led to the inception of several large-scale initiatives for deriving iPSCs from thousands of normal and diseased patients (California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), Stem Cells for Biological Assays of Novel Drugs and Predictive Toxicology (StemBANCC) (Morrison et al. 2015) and the Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cell initiative (HiPSCi) (Streeter et al. 2016)). Cell lines have been thoroughly characterised by for example DNA sequencing, SNP genotyping, RNA sequencing and DNA methylation analysis (Soares et al. 2014) and can be accessed through cell banks across the world (such as the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC), the European Bank for induced pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC) and the Coriell biorepository). These cell lines have been derived from individuals with a variety of monogenic and polygenic disorders, and provide an invaluable resource for studying genetic contributions to human disease. They can be used to create personalised models of disease, and understand the molecular and cellular phenotypes underlying their pathogenesis. Interestingly, since cells are reprogrammed to a very early stage of development, they can be used to monitor both developmental or differentiation defects as well as the
