The findings from Shank3 mutants are also somewhat inconsistent, but many of the differences can be attributed to different isoforms disrupted due to the transcriptional complexity of the gene. Deletion of exon 9 leads to increased mIPSC frequency in the hippocampus and decreased mIPSC frequency in the prefrontal cortex (Lee et al., 2015). All three models which have exons 4–9 deleted have reduced LTP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (Bozdagi et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2011; Jaramillo et al., 2015). Whereas the model produced by Bozdagi et al. has reduced excitatory synaptic strength, decreased mEPSC amplitude, increased mEPSC frequency, and a decreased paired-pulse ratio, the other models exhibit none of these phenotypes, but the model produced by Jaramillo et al. did have an increased AMPA/NMDA ratio in the striatum. Deletion of exons 13–16 had similar results to those observed by Wang et al. and Jaramillo et al. in the hippocampus, but resulted in decreased excitatory synaptic strength, reduced mEPSC frequency, and reduced mEPSC amplitude in MSNs of the dorsolateral striatum (Peça et al., 2011). On the other
