For all-cause mortality, there was a positive and curvilinear association with alcohol consumption, with the lowest risk for those consuming below 100 g per week (figure 1, appendix p 25). Associations were similar for men and women (appendix p 26), but weaker at older ages (appendix p 27). There was a J-shaped association for the aggregate of cardiovascular disease outcomes (figure 1, appendix p 25). However, disaggregation showed two opposing sets of associations (figure 2). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and history of diabetes, the amount of alcohol consumed had positive and roughly linear associations with stroke (HR per 100 g/week higher consumption 1·14, 1·10–1·17), coronary disease excluding myocardial infarction (1·06, 1·00–1·11), heart failure (1·09, 1·03–1·15), fatal hypertensive disease (1·24, 1·15–1·33), and fatal aortic aneurysm (1·15, 1·03–1·28; Figure 2, Figure 3). By contrast, there was an inverse and approximately log-linear association with myocardial infarction (0·94, 0·91–0·97; Figure 2, Figure 3). Stroke associations were similar for fatal and non-fatal outcomes (appendix p 28) and across subtypes (appendix p 29). However, for coronary disease excluding myocardial infarction, associations were stronger for
