The above results are consistent with the idea that treated alcoholics and TNAD individuals come from different populations. However, they also show that TNAD exhibit more subtle effects of alcohol use, such as steeper age-related declines in brain volumes than NAC, and smaller F-ERNs as a function of family history density of alcohol problems than NAC. In the present study we examined cognitive function in treatment-naïve active alcoholics compared to non-alcoholic control subjects.