neurocircuitry (Boettiger et al., 2009). Such null findings highlight the need to cautiously evaluate the empirical evidence before pharmacogenetic prescriptions can be made regarding naltrexone for alcoholism. As highlighted by Gelernter and colleagues (2007), attention to additional opioid genes, such as those encoding kappa and delta receptors, which are also targeted by naltrexone, yet to a lesser degree than mu receptors, represents an important avenue for future research.
