Typical limitations of ERP studies in schizophrenia concern small and heterogeneous samples, the potential influence of antipsychotic medication on cognition and brain function, and the tendency of patients to perform more poorly than healthy controls (e.g., Barch, 2005). With regard to sample size, the current number of 20 individuals ranks among the largest patient groups tested during a recognition memory paradigm (only exceeded by Kayser et al., 1999). Furthermore, patients were particularly well-matched (yoked) to controls in core demographic variables (gender, age, ethnicity) as well as handedness, which is a crucial moderator of lateralized brain functions, including language (e.g., Annett, 1991; Knecht et al., 2000). Although the sample was heterogeneous, most of the patients in the present study met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia (n = 15), and all had schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The reductions of the response-related mid-frontal sink in the current patient sample, with a majority being of paranoid subtype (n = 11), are of interest in light of previous reports linking reduced ERN to paranoid schizophrenia patients (Kopp and Rist, 1999; Mathalon et al., 2002). However, subtyping with
