We used functional mapping and annotation (FUMA) and multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) to conduct gene-based tests and pathway analysis(Watanabe et al., 2017). A standard genome-wide significance threshold of p <5×10−8 was chosen for SNP identification and r2=0.6 was set as the cutoff to define LD blocks. All phenotyping processes were conducted using R (version 3.3.3).
