Within this relatively stable capacity for inhibitory control, we see “state” fluctuations in response to environmental triggers and motivational factors, as outlined in this review. Fluctuations in this state may increase the risk of substance use at particular times and in particular contexts, but the magnitude of these fluctuations (and their influence on behavior) is constrained by individual differences in the capacity for inhibitory control. Overlaid on top of this, the individual’s beliefs about disinhibition and self-control can directly determine their behavior, including substance use. For example, individuals have beliefs about their ability to control behavior in the face of temptation [restraint beliefs c.f. (112, 113)], about the effects of alcohol intoxication on disinhibition [intentionality c.f. (85)], and about the effects of self-control depletion on future behavior (59). We hypothesize that beliefs may interact with the capacity for inhibitory control, but they may also influence substance use independently as demonstrated by Jones et al. (112), and Nordgren et al. (113).
