At the phenotypic level, parental AUD accounted for modest variation in offspring behavior problems. Associations between parental AUD and internalizing (r = .09, p < .0001), externalizing (r = .11, p < .0001) and total problems (r = .10, p < .0001) were of similarly small magnitude. The strength of these associations did not differ as a function of maternal versus paternal AUD, nor offspring gender (all p-levels > .30).
