Olfaction is a complex sense that has recently become of special interest in the area of neurodevelopmental diseases in human beings as early indicators of disease onset, permitting for early intervention [see Ref. (256) for a review]. An early neuropathological report noted significant damage to the olfactory bulbs and stalks in children and fetuses prenatally exposed to alcohol (257) though few studies have examined the functional consequences of this damage. Olfactory abilities can readily be tested in many organisms, from human beings with “Sniffin” sticks (258) to Drosophila [see Ref. (259) for a review]. A recent study (260) used two sensory profiling measures filled out by caregivers to examine the sensory abilities of children with FASD. They found that children with FASD have under responsive smell and taste, though the two variables were combined in these forms. In the first study of its kind, children and adolescents exposed to ethanol in utero were administered the San Diego Odor Identification Test, where the child is presented with common household odors such as chocolate and peanut butter and must name the odor,
