Bivariate Cholesky models of CD and AAB were fit for males and females separately, because the univariate sex-limitation models indicated sex-specific effects on CD. The standardized path coefficients and 95% confidence intervals from the full bivariate model are presented in Figure 2 for each sex. The estimates of genetic, shared environmental and non-shared environmental influences on CD and AAB from the bivariate models (which can be obtained by squaring the standardized path coefficients) were nearly identical to those obtained from the full univariate sex-limitation models. Slight differences between the univariate and bivariate models can occur because the bivariate models take into account the cross-twin, cross-trait correlations.
