The lines/clones of hiPSC used in this study were validated using standardized methods as previously shown32,41. Cultures are regularly tested and maintained mycoplasma free. A total of seven iPSC lines (6593-8, 8343-3, 1804-5, NH1-1, 8858-1, 8858-3, 8858-C) derived from five subjects were used for experiments. Approval for this study was obtained from the Stanford IRB Panel and informed consent was obtained from all subjects.