To investigate possible functional roles of IdoA, we next performed migration and invasion assays with shRNA control and shRNA-a and shRNa-b TE-1 cells. In a wound scratch assay, the capacity of control cells to migrate was greatly enhanced by the addition of HGF (Fig. 4A–B). On the contrary, FGF2 added at 1 or 10 ng/ml did not stimulate migration of TE-1 cells (data not shown). Interestingly, shRNA-a and shRNA–b cells were found to migrate significantly less than shRNA control cells, and this difference was more pronounced in the context of HGF stimulation (Fig. 4A–B). Migration and invasion were next studied in transwell assays and, again, HGF increased TE-1 cell migration (Fig. 4C), although to a lesser extent than in wound scratch experiments. ShRNA-a and shRNA-b cells presented significant reduction in migration as compared to control cells, both in the absence and in the presence of HGF. Control cell invasion was enhanced approx. 2-fold by the addition of HGF, and shRNA-a cells had significantly reduced the invasive capacity of TE-1 cells in the context of HGF stimulation (p < 0.01), whereas
